ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION OF LEPROSY

Refinement) to Animal Experimentation

341 t4 Workshop Report* A Framework Program for the Teaching of Alternative Methods (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) to Animal Experimentation Mardas Daneshian 1, Mohammad A. Akbarsha 2, Bas Blaauboer 3, Francesca Caloni 4, Pierre Cosson 5, Rodger Curren 6, Alan Goldberg 7, Franz Gruber 8, Frauke Ohl 9, Walter Pfaller 10, Jan van der Valk 11, Pilar Vinardell , Joanne Zurlo , Thomas Hartung ...

Alternatives to Animal Experimentation

This special issue of ALTEX is publicising what the 3R Research Foundation has achieved in the past and what projects are currently underway. This special issue is intended to improve awareness of the projects funded by the Foundation and to provide a training tool. The first section includes updated descriptions of 20 projects from the past ten years. These projects, involving basic research, ...

Alternatives to Animal Experimentation

Animal Experimentation : the legacy of Claude

Claude Bernard, the father of scientific physiology, believed that if medicine was to become truly scientific, it would have to be based on rigorous and controlled animal experiments. Bernard instituted a paradigm which has shaped physiological practice for most of the twentieth century. In this paper we examine how Bernard's commitment to hypothetico-deductivism and determinism led to (a) his ...

A CRITICAL LOOK ANIMAL AT EXPERIMENTATION A Critical Look at Animal Experimentation